This document provides a state-by-state review of applicable statewide law and/or regulations related to fentanyl-specific criminal provisions....
Kratom is an herb derived from a leafy Southeast Asian tree and contains two psychoactive compounds that can bind to opioid receptors in the brain and produce a pharmacological response similar to effects produced by other opioid agonists, such as morphine. As of April 2025, 24 states and the District of Columbia regulate kratom. This document: (1) provides a singular resource for each jurisdiction’s laws; (2) allows for a comparison of these laws between jurisdictions; and (3) identifies and highlights interesting provisions. ...
Syringe services programs (SSP) are harm reduction programs that provide a wide range of services including, but not typically limited to, the provision of new, unused hypodermic needles and syringes and other injection drug use supplies, such as cookers, tourniquets, alcohol wipes, and sharps waste disposal containers, to people who inject drugs. In this summary, readers will find information with respect to SSPs for each state, including citations to applicable statutes and/or regulations, whether the state allows SSPs by statute, whether there are any municipal or county ordinances or regulations in place within the state, program components, miscellaneous provisions, and information on any pending legislation....
In this survey, the Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association (LAPPA) examines the legislative and regulatory response at the state level to the issue of fentanyl cleanup. As at the federal level, there is little policy in this area, and the only exceptions to that rule are very recent. Findings are presented jurisdiction by jurisdiction for easy comparison among the states, and include pending legislation....
In an effort to save lives, states have implemented laws to make it easier for first responders and the general public to obtain overdose reversal agents, such as naloxone. Additionally, to encourage people to assist an individual who is or may be suffering an overdose, the majority of states also enacted laws which protect laypeople who administer overdose reversal agents, in good faith, in an emergency from civil and/or criminal liability. The Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association (LAPPA) undertook an extensive research project to determine the current status of overdose reversal agent access laws throughout the United States, including the District of Columbia and all U.S. territories. As of January 2025, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have some form of an overdose reversal agent access law....
Many states have enacted involuntary commitment laws for those suffering from alcoholism and/or substance use disorders (SUDs). In order to protect an individual’s civil rights, each state ensures that the committed person receives due process by providing the person the right to an attorney during the commitment process. This summary highlights provisions of of state involuntary commitment laws....
In this document, the Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association (LAPPA) examines the state-level legislative response to opioid manufacturer and distributor litigation....
This document provides a state-by-state review of applicable statewide law and/or regulations related to home-generated sharps waste disposal....
Collateral consequences are legal, regulatory, and policy barriers imposed against an individual arrested for, charged with, or convicted of a criminal offense that often have no connection to the criminal offense. In this document, LAPPA (1) provides a single resource highlighting each jurisdiction’s laws related to collateral consequences; (2) allows for comparison of the laws between jurisdictions; and (3) identifies and highlights any interesting or novel provisions....
In this document, the Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association (LAPPA) determines how health insurance statutes throughout the 50 states, District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories treat mental health and SUD parity....